Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a compound that belongs to the quinone family. It was first discovered in bacteria and later found to be present in various foods and biological systems. PQQ is considered a micronutrient due to its involvement in enzymatic reactions, specifically as a cofactor.

One of the notable functions of PQQ is its role as a redox cofactor, meaning it participates in electron transfer reactions within cells. PQQ can undergo reversible oxidation and reduction, allowing it to facilitate biochemical processes involved in energy metabolism and cellular signaling. It interacts with enzymes involved in the transfer of electrons, playing a crucial role in the functioning of mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles within cells.

PQQ also exhibits antioxidant properties. It can scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which are harmful molecules that can cause oxidative damage to cells. By neutralizing these reactive species, PQQ helps protect cellular structures, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids, from oxidative stress.

Research suggests that PQQ may have various health benefits. Studies conducted in animals and cell cultures have shown that PQQ supplementation can improve cognitive function, promote neurogenesis (the formation of new neurons), and protect against neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. PQQ's involvement in mitochondrial function may contribute to its neuroprotective effects.

Additionally, PQQ has been investigated for its potential role in enhancing energy metabolism, improving sleep quality, and reducing inflammation. Some studies indicate that PQQ may enhance physical performance and promote healthy aging by supporting mitochondrial efficiency.

While PQQ can be obtained through dietary sources like green tea, fermented foods, and certain fruits and vegetables, it is also available as a dietary supplement.